Question by Clay: What chemical modification of DNA in Eukaryotes permanently inactivates the affected gene(s)?
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Answer by amy
Methylation
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DNA Methylation is the addition of methyl groups (-CH3) to the bases (mostly cytosines) after DNA has been synthesised. Approx 5% of cytosine bases in eukaryotic DNA are methylated. This is a means by which cells deactivate gene expression as it inhibits the binding of transcription factors that preceed gene transcription.
Methylation will silence a gene but demethylation will activate it. So, this is not a permanent way to inactivate a gene. You have to crosslink the DNA with crosslinking agents to make it inactive. You can also inactivate it by changing the base sequence in such a way that there are nonsense codons.