Counterculture Through the Ages: From Abraham to Acid House
As long as there has been culture, there has been counterculture. At times it moves deep below the surface of things, a stealth mode of being all but invisible to the dominant paradigm; at other times it’s in plain sight, challenging the status quo; and at still other times it erupts in a fiery burst of creative–or destructive–energy to change the world forever.
But until now the countercultural phenomenon has been one of history’s great blind spots. Individual countercultures ha
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The American Counterculture
The American counterculture played a major role during a pivotal moment in American history. Post-War prosperity combined with the social and political repression characteristic of middle-class life to produce both widespread civil disobedience and artistic creativity in the Baby Boomer generation. This introduction explores the relationship between the counterculture and American popular culture. It looks at the ways in which Hollywood and corporate record labels commodified and adapted counter
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Review by Robert D. Steele for Counterculture Through the Ages: From Abraham to Acid House
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I found this book in an airport, and bought it for three reasons: 1) because Bruce Sterling plugged it; 2) because my 15-year old is well on his way to being part of the emerging counter-culture; and 3) because I do believe that “power to the people” is now imminent–not if, but when.
It starts slow, quickly improves by page 50, and as I put down the book I could not help but think, “tour de force.” This is both a work of scholarship and an advanced commentary that puts counter-culture movements across history into a most positive context.
Across the ages, the common currency of any counter-culture is the will to live free of constraints, limiting the impositions of authority. Indeed, it is very hard not to put this book down with an altered appreciation for hippies, war protesters and civil rights activists, for the book makes it clear that they are direct intellectual, cultural, and emotional descendants of both Socrates and the Founding Fathers, especially Thomas Paine and Thomas Jefferson.
From Socrates to Taoism, Zen, Sufis, Troubadours, the Enlightenment, the Americans, Bohemian Paris, and into the 1950’s through the 1970’s, the author’s broad brush review of the history of counter-culture in all its forms is helpful to anyone interested in how the next twenty years might play out.
The bottom line is clear: we need the counter-culture, and it is time for this century’s culture hackers–of whom Stewart Brand may be the first–along with the author–to rise from their slumber.
Some side notes:
1) An underlying theme, not fully brought out, is that anything in excess or without balance can be harmful. Absolute dictatorship by religions is as bad as absolute secular dictatorship. Science without humanity, humanity without science.
2) The Jewish religion is favorably treated in this book as perhaps the most counter-cultural and individualistic of the religions. I found this intriguing and was quite interested in some of the specific examples.
3) I disagree with the author’s attack on Roger Shattuck’s “Forbidden Knowledge: From Prometheus to Pornography,” and would go so far as to say that the two books should be read together, along with “Voltaire’s Bastards,” “Consilience,” and a few of the other books on my information society list.
The author concludes somewhat somberly, not at all sure that there is much good ahead. He very rationally notes that before we begin the next big counter-cultural movement we should probably focus on fundamentals first: do we have enough water, energy, food, medicine?
I agree with that, and I agree with John Gage’s prediction in 2000, that DoKoMo phones in the hands of pre-teens, and Sony Playstations at $300 with access to the Internet, are irrevocably changing the balance of power. Jonathan Schell is on target in “Unconquerable World: Power, Non-Violence, and the Will of the People,” and both Tom Atlee (“The Tao of Democracy”) and Howard Rheingold (“Smart Mobs”) as well as James Surowiecki (“The Wisdom of the Crowds”) all show us clearly that information is going to out the corrupt and restore balance to our lives. It is not a matter of if, but when. Collective intelligence–public intelligence–is here to stay.
Review by doomsdayer520 for Counterculture Through the Ages: From Abraham to Acid House
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Here Ken Goffman (apparently coauthor Dan Joy worked at the conceptual level only) has created a fast-moving and fascinating discussion of countercultures throughout history and what they have in common. The most interesting aspect of this book is the locating of ancient groups, like followers of Socrates and even the original Jews, that fit the modern definition of counterculture. Goffman even includes the Enlightenment thinkers of Europe, who even though they ended up being the establishment, definitely started out by countering the dominance and dogma of the Catholic Church. Goffman finds that these and modern countercultures, such as hippies and ravers, share an anti-authoritarian worldview and a love for individualism and nonconformity, which are central to the human condition in all regions, time periods, and political environments.
Unfortunately there are some problems with this book, inherent in the methods followed by Goffman and Joy. Goffman states in the introduction that it would be impossible to describe all the countercultures the world has ever seen, so representative examples have been chosen that most illustrate the basic arguments being advanced. This works reasonably well, to the extent described in the last paragraph, but still leads to a somewhat distracting sense of arbitrary and fragmented history. More specifically, the inevitable coverage of the hippie/new left movements of the 60s and 70s is highly politicized and personalized (not a problem for most of the rest of the book), and Goffman even accidentally says “we” a few times when describing the countercultural participants of that and the current era, damaging the observational integrity of some portions of the book.
On the writing side, Goffman has fun playing with the academic language that this kind of study engenders, and can sound funny (and purposefully ironic) when spewing professor-speak like “a complex exegesis would be required to do complete justice to this peculiar conundrum.” But on the other hand, he is also prone to that same type of over-analysis, such as describing an off-hand onstage comment by Janis Joplin as “subvert[ing] the very division of time into discrete units.” Goffman tends to make gigantic postmodern connections, such as 12th century French troubadours to Jefferson Airplane or Picasso’s cubism to hip hop beats; he’s prone to incessant name-dropping (see the index for dozens of names that appear on one page only); and he can’t stop quoting Bob Dylan. Luckily, these pervasive flaws in method don’t significantly damage the main points Goffman is making about countercultures, and his book is a fascinating treatise on those of us who will never be happy with normal conformity. [~doomsdayer520~]
Review by Don Strachan for Counterculture Through the Ages: From Abraham to Acid House
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Alternative aficionados, hoist your flagons, pass your joints, heave your Molotov cocktails and give cheer! CCttA fills a vacuum you’ve always suspected existed but were too busy having sex, drugs and rock & roll to notice. Former underground historians have focused on only one era, one counterculture. Goffman/Day begin at the beginnings: Prometheus, Abraham, Socrates. They pay obeisance to heterodox religions–taoism, zen Buddhism, Sufism (where’s tantra?). They execute a mad, four-chapter dash through a millenium or so–the Troubadours, the Enlightenment and American and French revolutions, the Transcendentalists, Parisian bohemians. Finally they get down close to home with the efflourescing rebel movements of the past half-century: beatniks, rock & roll, hippies, women’s lib, punk, cyberpunk, the New Age, raves, hip-hop, hackers, environmentalism.
And just what is a counterculture, anyway? Sifting through their subjects from Alcibiades to the Zapatistas, the authors extract three central traits shared by them all: they’re adamantly anti-authoritarian; they’re iconoclastically individualistic; and they espouse lofty visions of personal and/or societal transformation.
We expect a history to be thoughtful and thoroughy researched, and CC fills the bill. We hope for–but seldom get–a history as anecdotally rich, as entertaining and enthusiastic as this. Pity poor James Joyce, despairing after nine consecutive women quit typing his manuscript of Ulysses in sexual huffs, “and one even threatened to throw herself out the window.” est founder Werner Erhard is “a mix of Giurdjieff, Hitler and a traveling salesman”; JFK on LSD an “altered statesman.” John Lennon, listening to Chuck Berry and Elvis in 1957, “knew something was happening although he didn’t yet know what it ws.”
If you have a jones for underground tomes, Bogart this one.
Review by Noam deGuerre for Counterculture Through the Ages: From Abraham to Acid House
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Goffman indwells the dimensions traversed by the likes of Phil Dick, R. A. Wilson, Reverend Bob, Ken Kesey, Greil Marcus, Andrew Weil, Nareem Caroli Babi, und so weiter. From whence, like a character from Louis Carroll transmogrified by DMtation, this Prophetic, marvelous, incisive, incendiary, supersonic Howl holds forth the shining tool of The Fool, a timeless voice proclaiming: IT. IS. TIME.
Apart from that, Ken’s a great guy, knows a lotta stuff, and knows what it all counts for. Siriusly.
Review by Lleu Christopher for Counterculture Through the Ages: From Abraham to Acid House
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This is a thoroughly enjoyable, intelligent and thought-provoking look at the phenomenon of countercultures through history. Ken Goffman (aka R.U. Sirius), without oversimplifying his subject, has a style that is very accessible and engaging. By necessity, as the authors (it is co-written by Dan Joy) admit, this is a brief and incomplete look at a vast topic, one that could fill an encyclopedia. Yet what is included here leaves the reader with a surprisingly comprehensive idea of what a counterculture is, how they have influenced history and interacted with mainstream cultures.
The authors start with ancient times, looking to Prometheus and Abraham as examples of early rebels, then go on to look at Taoists, Sufis, Zen masters and medieval troubadours (who are credited with providing a blueprint for our modern ideas about love and romance). This book is not, however, a mere cataloging of countercultural movements. It contains quite a bit of useful analysis, such as the internal contradictions that exist within many countercultures –for example, the authoritarian impulses that often arise within movements that are supposedly against authority; the rather puritanical tendencies of transcendentalists Thoreau and Emerson; the ever-present danger of “selling out” or having the movement absorbed by mainstream society.
R.U. Sirius has been at the center of the counterculture himself for the last few decades, especially the cyberpunk/futurist wing of it. Here he contrasts the Promethean vs. anti-Promethean strains that exist within countercultures. This debate, over whether technology is primarily a liberating or enslaving influence, is an example of how complex and theoretical this topic can get. I think that the authors of this work do a very good job at getting beyond the dogmas that often weigh down alternative thinkers and point the way towards a truly freer way to look at life.